动圆与两定圆内外切的几何轨迹探究
2021-01-07 02:31
本 GeoGebra 范例演示了动圆与两个已知定圆分别发生外切与内切时的几何关系与轨迹变化。通过调整参数,用户可以直观地观察动圆圆心到两定圆圆心的距离关系,以及满足特定相切条件时动圆圆心的运动轨迹。该模型综合运用了圆的定义、距离公式及几何变换(如镜像),是研究圆锥曲线(如椭圆、双曲线定义)及阿波罗尼斯圆问题的经典几何作图案例,适合用于高中解析几何与平面几何的辅助教学。
所属专题
GeoGebra圆锥曲线互动学习资源
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<geogebra format="5.0" version="5.0.620.0" app="classic" platform="w" id="64339aff-3d7e-4119-bb51-cbe667827b8b" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://ggb123.cn/apps/xsd/ggb.xsd" xmlns="" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" >
<gui>
<window width="1334" height="536" />
<perspectives>
<perspective id="tmp">
<panes>
<pane location="" divider="0.13043478260869565" orientation="1" />
</panes>
<views>
<view id="4097" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1,1,1,1" size="400" window="666,212,511,467" />
<view id="4" toolbar="0 || 2020 , 2021 , 2022 , 66 || 2001 , 2003 , 2002 , 2004 , 2005 || 2040 , 2041 , 2042 , 2044 , 2043" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1,1" size="300" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="8" toolbar="1001 | 1002 | 1003 || 1005 | 1004 || 1006 | 1007 | 1010 || 1008 1009 || 66 68 || 6" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1,3" size="300" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="512" toolbar="0 | 1 501 5 19 , 67 | 2 15 45 18 , 7 37 | 514 3 9 , 13 44 , 47 | 16 | 551 550 11 , 20 22 21 23 , 55 56 57 , 12 | 69 | 510 511 , 512 513 | 533 531 , 534 532 , 522 523 , 537 536 , 535 | 521 520 | 36 , 38 49 560 | 571 30 29 570 31 33 | 17 | 540 40 41 42 , 27 28 35 , 6 , 502 | 100013 100015" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1,1" size="800" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="1" visible="true" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1" size="1150" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="2" visible="true" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="3" size="174" tab="ALGEBRA" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="16" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="32" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1" size="712" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="64" toolbar="0" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="128" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1" size="480" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="70" toolbar="0 || 2020 || 2021 || 2022" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
</views>
<toolbar show="false" items="0 39 73 62 | 1 501 67 , 5 19 , 72 75 76 | 2 15 45 , 18 65 , 7 37 | 4 3 8 9 , 13 44 , 58 , 47 | 16 51 64 , 70 | 10 34 53 11 , 24 20 22 , 21 23 | 55 56 57 , 12 | 36 46 , 38 49 50 , 71 14 68 | 30 29 54 32 31 33 | 25 17 26 60 52 61 | 40 41 42 , 27 28 35 , 6 | | 100015 100014 100014 100013 100012 100010 100009 100010 100002 100003 100004 100005" position="1" help="false" />
<input show="false" cmd="true" top="true" />
<dockBar show="false" east="false" />
</perspective>
</perspectives>
<labelingStyle val="3"/>
<font size="12"/>
<consProtColumns col0="true" col1="true" col2="false" col3="false" col4="true" col5="true" col6="true" col7="false"/>
<consProtocol useColors="false" addIcons="false" showOnlyBreakpoints="false"/>
<consProtNavigationBar id="32" playButton="true" playDelay="2" protButton="true" consStep="23"/>
</gui>
<euclidianView>
<viewNumber viewNo="1"/>
<size width="1150" height="534"/>
<coordSystem xZero="678.6211273582727" yZero="231.47764158324236" scale="26.443518686390142" yscale="26.443514010530023"/>
<evSettings axes="true" grid="false" gridIsBold="false" pointCapturing="3" rightAngleStyle="1" checkboxSize="26" gridType="3"/>
<bgColor r="255" g="255" b="255"/>
<axesColor r="0" g="0" b="0"/>
<gridColor r="192" g="192" b="192"/>
<lineStyle axes="1" grid="0"/>
<labelStyle axes="0" serif="true"/>
<axis id="0" show="true" label="" unitLabel="" tickStyle="1" showNumbers="true"/>
<axis id="1" show="true" label="" unitLabel="" tickStyle="1" showNumbers="true"/>
</euclidianView>
<algebraView>
<mode val="1"/>
<auxiliary show="true"/>
</algebraView>
<kernel>
<continuous val="false"/>
<usePathAndRegionParameters val="true"/>
<decimals val="2"/>
<angleUnit val="degree"/>
<algebraStyle val="0" spreadsheet="0"/>
<coordStyle val="0"/>
</kernel>
<tableview min="-2" max="2" step="1"/>
<scripting blocked="false" disabled="false"/>
<construction title="" author="" date="">
<element type="numeric" label="r">
<value val="1.4"/>
<show object="true" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.10000000149011612"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="1"/>
<slider min="0.2" max="Distance[A, yAxis] - 0.1" absoluteScreenLocation="true" width="200" x="12" y="85" fixed="false" horizontal="true" showAlgebra="true"/>
<lineStyle thickness="10" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
<animation speed="1" type="0" playing="false"/>
</element>
<expression label="a" exp="r" />
<element type="numeric" label="a">
<value val="1.4"/>
<show object="false" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.10000000149011612"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="1"/>
<lineStyle thickness="2" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
</element>
<command name="Point">
<input a0="xAxis"/>
<output a0="A"/>
</command>
<element type="point" label="A">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<animation step="1" speed="1" type="1" playing="false"/>
<coords x="2" y="0" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="5"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\large{%n}$"/>
</element>
<command name="Distance">
<input a0="A" a1="(0, 0)"/>
<output a0="c"/>
</command>
<element type="numeric" label="c">
<value val="2"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.10000000149011612"/>
</element>
<expression label="b" exp="sqrt(c^(2) - a^(2))" />
<element type="numeric" label="b">
<value val="1.42828568570857"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0.10000000149011612"/>
</element>
<expression label="eq2" exp="eq2: x^(2) / a^(2) - y^(2) / b^(2) = 1 / (x < 0)" />
<element type="implicitpoly" label="eq2">
<show object="false" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<fixed val="true"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<userinput show="true"/></element>
<expression label="eq1" exp="eq1: x^(2) / a^(2) - y^(2) / b^(2) = 1 / (x > 0)" />
<element type="implicitpoly" label="eq1">
<show object="false" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<fixed val="true"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<userinput show="true"/></element>
<command name="Mirror">
<input a0="A" a1="(0, 0)"/>
<output a0="B"/>
</command>
<element type="point" label="B">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<coords x="-2" y="0" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="5"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\large{%n}$"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="A" a1="r"/>
<output a0="e"/>
</command>
<element type="conic" label="e">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1" y0="0" z0="1.0" x1="0" y1="1" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1" A1="1" A2="2.04" A3="0" A4="-2" A5="0"/>
<eqnStyle style="specific"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="B" a1="r"/>
<output a0="d"/>
</command>
<element type="conic" label="d">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1" y0="0" z0="1.0" x1="0" y1="1" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1" A1="1" A2="2.04" A3="0" A4="2" A5="0"/>
<eqnStyle style="specific"/>
</element>
<command name="Point">
<input a0="x^(2) / a^(2) - y^(2) / b^(2) = 1"/>
<output a0="P"/>
</command>
<element type="point" label="P">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="255" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<animation step="1" speed="1" type="1" playing="false"/>
<coords x="-4.939749679777935" y="4.832917468991711" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="5"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\large{%n}$"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="P" a1="Distance[P, A] + r"/>
<output a0="f"/>
</command>
<element type="conic" label="f">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<condition showObject="x(P) > 0"/>
<objColor r="255" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="7" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1" y0="0" z0="1.0" x1="0" y1="1" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1" A1="1" A2="-49.3979974382235" A3="0" A4="4.939749679777935" A5="-4.832917468991711"/>
<eqnStyle style="specific"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="P" a1="Distance[P, B] + r"/>
<output a0="g"/>
</command>
<element type="conic" label="g">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<condition showObject="x(P) < 0"/>
<objColor r="255" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="7" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1" y0="0" z0="1.0" x1="0" y1="1" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1" A1="1" A2="-2.0399999999999956" A3="0" A4="4.939749679777935" A5="-4.832917468991711"/>
<eqnStyle style="specific"/>
</element>
<element type="boolean" label="h">
<value val="true"/>
<show object="false" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="73" y="69"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<checkbox fixed="true"/>
</element>
<element type="button" label="button1">
<show object="true" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="7" y="111"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<fixed val="true"/>
<auxiliary val="true"/>
<ggbscript val="SetValue(h,!h)
If(h==true,SetCaption(button1,"显示踪迹"),SetCaption(button1,"显示轨迹"))
If(h==true,SetTrace(P,false),SetTrace(P,true))
ZoomIn(1)"/>
<font serif="false" sizeM="2" size="12" style="0"/>
<caption val="显示踪迹"/>
</element>
<expression label="eq3" exp="x^(2) / a^(2) - y^(2) / b^(2) = 1" type="conic" />
<element type="conic" label="eq3">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<condition showObject="h ≟ true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="255" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<fixed val="true"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1" y0="0" z0="1.0" x1="0" y1="1" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1.0204081632653064" A1="-0.9803921568627451" A2="-2" A3="0" A4="0" A5="0"/>
<eqnStyle style="implicit"/>
</element>
<expression label="text1" exp=""注:拖动r,改变圆A,圆B的半径。""/>
<element type="text" label="text1">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="40"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<bgColor r="191" g="255" b="0" alpha="255"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<isLaTeX val="true"/>
<font serif="true" sizeM="1.4" size="5" style="0"/>
<absoluteScreenLocation x="14" y="496"/>
</element>
<element type="boolean" label="i">
<value val="false"/>
<show object="false" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="24" y="179"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<checkbox fixed="true"/>
</element>
<element type="button" label="button2">
<show object="true" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="6" y="165"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<fixed val="true"/>
<auxiliary val="true"/>
<ggbscript val="i=!i
If(i==true,StartAnimation(P,true),StartAnimation(P,false))
If(i==true,SetCaption(button2,"暂停动画"),SetCaption(button2,"启动动画"))"/>
<font serif="false" sizeM="2" size="12" style="0"/>
<caption val="启动动画"/>
</element>
<command name="Segment">
<input a0="P" a1="B"/>
<output a0="j"/>
</command>
<element type="segment" label="j">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<condition showObject="l"/>
<objColor r="128" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="4.832917468991711" y="2.939749679777935" z="9.665834937983423"/>
<lineStyle thickness="8" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Segment">
<input a0="P" a1="A"/>
<output a0="k"/>
</command>
<element type="segment" label="k">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<condition showObject="l"/>
<objColor r="128" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="4.832917468991711" y="6.939749679777935" z="-9.665834937983423"/>
<lineStyle thickness="8" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<expression label="text2" exp=""设动圆半径为R\\
P在左侧,|PA|-|PB|=(R+r)-(R-r)=2r\\
P在右侧,|PB|-|PA|=(R-r)-(R+r)=-2r\\
综上,||PB|-|PA||=2r""/>
<element type="text" label="text2">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="40"/>
<condition showObject="l"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<bgColor r="255" g="255" b="0" alpha="255"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<isLaTeX val="true"/>
<font serif="true" sizeM="1.4" size="5" style="0"/>
<absoluteScreenLocation x="13" y="359"/>
</element>
<expression label="text3" exp=""动圆与两圆外切与内切(2)""/>
<element type="text" label="text3">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="40"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<bgColor r="255" g="0" b="0" alpha="255"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<isLaTeX val="true"/>
<font serif="true" sizeM="2" size="12" style="0"/>
<absoluteScreenLocation x="5" y="7"/>
</element>
<element type="boolean" label="l">
<value val="true"/>
<show object="true" label="true"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="7" y="250"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<checkbox fixed="true"/>
<caption val="$\large{辅助线}$"/>
</element>
</construction>
</geogebra>