同角三角函数的基本关系(正六边形记忆法)
2020-04-28 01:42
本范例利用正六边形几何构造,直观展示同角三角函数(sin、cos、tan、cot、sec、csc)之间的基本关系。六边形顶点分别标注六个三角函数,通过几何位置帮助记忆三类核心恒等式:对角线两端函数互为倒数(如 sin·csc=1);相邻顶点函数满足商数关系(如 tan=sin/cos);阴影三角形区域对应平方和关系(如 sin²+cos²=1)。该可视化记忆法将抽象代数恒等式转化为空间几何直觉,适合高中三角函数教学与复习。
所属专题
中职数学GeoGebra互动教学资源库
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<geogebra format="5.0" version="5.0.579.0" app="classic" platform="w" id="a4a1564b-d5d4-447d-98b8-9a85d8808511" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://www.geogebra.org/apps/xsd/ggb.xsd" xmlns="" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" >
<gui>
<window width="750" height="393" />
<perspectives>
<perspective id="tmp">
<panes>
<pane location="" divider="1" orientation="1" />
</panes>
<views>
<view id="512" toolbar="0 | 1 501 5 19 , 67 | 2 15 45 18 , 7 37 | 514 3 9 , 13 44 , 47 | 16 51 | 551 550 11 , 20 22 21 23 , 55 56 57 , 12 | 69 | 510 511 , 512 513 | 533 531 , 534 532 , 522 523 , 537 536 , 535 | 521 520 | 36 , 38 49 560 | 571 30 29 570 31 33 | 17 | 540 40 41 42 , 27 28 35 , 6 , 502" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1,1,1" size="500" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="4" toolbar="0 || 2020 , 2021 , 2022 , 66 || 2001 , 2003 , 2002 , 2004 , 2005 || 2040 , 2041 , 2042 , 2044 , 2043" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1,1" size="300" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="8" toolbar="1001 | 1002 | 1003 || 1005 | 1004 || 1006 | 1007 | 1010 || 1008 1009 || 66 68 || 6" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1,3" size="300" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="1" visible="true" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="3" size="750" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="2" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="3" size="200" window="100,100,600,400" />
<view id="16" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="32" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="64" toolbar="0" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="128" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1" size="480" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="4097" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1" size="341" window="100,100,700,550" />
<view id="70" toolbar="0 || 2020 || 2021 || 2022" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="true" location="1" size="150" window="50,50,500,500" />
<view id="43" visible="false" inframe="false" stylebar="false" location="1" size="450" window="50,50,500,500" />
</views>
<toolbar show="false" items="0 39 73 62 | 1 501 67 , 5 19 , 72 75 76 | 2 15 45 , 18 65 , 7 37 | 4 3 8 9 , 13 44 , 58 , 47 | 16 51 64 , 70 | 10 34 53 11 , 24 20 22 , 21 23 | 55 56 57 , 12 | 36 46 , 38 49 50 , 71 14 68 | 30 29 54 32 31 33 | 25 17 26 60 52 61 | 40 41 42 , 27 28 35 , 6" position="1" help="false" />
<input show="false" cmd="true" top="algebra" />
<dockBar show="false" east="false" />
</perspective>
</perspectives>
<labelingStyle val="0"/>
<font size="20"/>
</gui>
<euclidianView>
<viewNumber viewNo="1"/>
<size width="748" height="393"/>
<coordSystem xZero="230.18846113204904" yZero="199.3405383937807" scale="154.7582536985752" yscale="154.75825369857526"/>
<evSettings axes="false" grid="false" gridIsBold="false" pointCapturing="3" rightAngleStyle="1" checkboxSize="26" gridType="3"/>
<bgColor r="255" g="255" b="255"/>
<axesColor r="0" g="0" b="0"/>
<gridColor r="192" g="192" b="192"/>
<lineStyle axes="1" grid="0"/>
<axis id="0" show="false" label="" unitLabel="" tickStyle="1" showNumbers="true"/>
<axis id="1" show="false" label="" unitLabel="" tickStyle="1" showNumbers="true"/>
</euclidianView>
<kernel>
<continuous val="false"/>
<usePathAndRegionParameters val="true"/>
<decimals val="2"/>
<angleUnit val="degree"/>
<algebraStyle val="0" spreadsheet="0"/>
<coordStyle val="0"/>
</kernel>
<tableview min="-2" max="2" step="1"/>
<scripting blocked="false" disabled="false"/>
<construction title="" author="" date="">
<command name="Intersect">
<input a0="xAxis" a1="yAxis"/>
<output a0="A"/>
</command>
<element type="point" label="A">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="255" g="255" b="255" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="2"/>
<labelOffset x="-20" y="9"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<coords x="0" y="0" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="1"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\huge 1$"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="A" a1="0.2"/>
<output a0="c"/>
</command>
<element type="conic" label="c">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="128" g="128" b="128" alpha="1"/>
<layer val="1"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="3" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1" y0="0" z0="1.0" x1="0" y1="1" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1" A1="1" A2="-0.04000000000000001" A3="0" A4="0" A5="0"/>
<eqnStyle style="specific"/>
</element>
<command name="Circle">
<input a0="A" a1="1"/>
<output a0="d"/>
</command>
<element type="conic" label="d">
<show object="false" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<eigenvectors x0="1" y0="0" z0="1.0" x1="0" y1="1" z1="1.0"/>
<matrix A0="1" A1="1" A2="-1" A3="0" A4="0" A5="0"/>
<eqnStyle style="specific"/>
</element>
<expression label="f" exp="f(x) = (tan(60°) * x)" type="function"/>
<element type="function" label="f">
<show object="false" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="204" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<fixed val="true"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
</element>
<expression label="g" exp="g(x) = (tan(120°) * x)" type="function"/>
<element type="function" label="g">
<show object="false" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="255" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<fixed val="true"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
</element>
<command name="Intersect">
<input a0="d" a1="xAxis"/>
<output a0="B" a1="C"/>
</command>
<element type="point" label="B">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="68" g="68" b="68" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="-70" y="38"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<coords x="-1" y="0" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="4"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\Large \tan\alpha$"/>
</element>
<element type="point" label="C">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="68" g="68" b="68" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="-11" y="3"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<coords x="1" y="0" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="4"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\Large \cot\alpha$"/>
</element>
<command name="Intersect">
<input a0="g" a1="d"/>
<output a0="D" a1="E"/>
</command>
<element type="point" label="D">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="68" g="68" b="68" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="-47" y="-1"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<coords x="-0.4999999999999998" y="0.8660254037844388" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="4"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\Large \sin\alpha$"/>
</element>
<element type="point" label="E">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="68" g="68" b="68" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="-21" y="44"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<coords x="0.4999999999999998" y="-0.8660254037844388" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="4"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\Large \csc\alpha$"/>
</element>
<command name="Intersect">
<input a0="f" a1="d"/>
<output a0="F" a1="G"/>
</command>
<element type="point" label="F">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="68" g="68" b="68" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="-53" y="42"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<coords x="-0.5000000000000001" y="-0.8660254037844386" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="4"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\Large \sec\alpha$"/>
</element>
<element type="point" label="G">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="68" g="68" b="68" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelOffset x="-37" y="3"/>
<labelMode val="3"/>
<coords x="0.5000000000000001" y="0.8660254037844386" z="1"/>
<pointSize val="4"/>
<pointStyle val="0"/>
<caption val="$\Large \cos\alpha$"/>
</element>
<command name="Sequence">
<input a0="Segment[((0.2 * cos(a)), (0.2 * sin(a))), (cos(a), sin(a))]" a1="a" a2="0" a3="300°" a4="60°"/>
<output a0="l1"/>
</command>
<element type="list" label="l1">
<show object="true" label="true" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="100" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1"/>
<pointSize val="5"/>
<angleStyle val="0"/>
</element>
<command name="Polygon">
<input a0="D" a1="A" a2="G"/>
<output a0="t1" a1="g_1" a2="d_1" a3="a"/>
</command>
<element type="polygon" label="t1">
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0.10000000149011612"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
</element>
<element type="segment" label="g_1">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<coords x="0.8660254037844388" y="0.4999999999999998" z="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment" label="d_1">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<coords x="-0.8660254037844386" y="0.5000000000000001" z="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment" label="a">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<coords x="-2.220446049250313e-16" y="-0.9999999999999999" z="0.8660254037844386"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Polygon">
<input a0="B" a1="F" a2="A"/>
<output a0="t2" a1="a_1" a2="b" a3="f_1"/>
</command>
<element type="polygon" label="t2">
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0.10000000149011612"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
</element>
<element type="segment" label="a_1">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<coords x="0.8660254037844386" y="0.4999999999999999" z="0.8660254037844386"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment" label="b">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<coords x="-0.8660254037844386" y="0.5000000000000001" z="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment" label="f_1">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<coords x="0" y="-1" z="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Polygon">
<input a0="A" a1="E" a2="C"/>
<output a0="t3" a1="c_1" a2="a_2" a3="e"/>
</command>
<element type="polygon" label="t3">
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0.10000000149011612"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
</element>
<element type="segment" label="c_1">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<coords x="0.8660254037844388" y="0.4999999999999998" z="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment" label="a_2">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<coords x="-0.8660254037844388" y="0.5000000000000002" z="0.8660254037844388"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<element type="segment" label="e">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="153" g="51" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<auxiliary val="false"/>
<coords x="0" y="-1" z="0"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Segment">
<input a0="D" a1="B"/>
<output a0="h"/>
</command>
<element type="segment" label="h">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="0.8660254037844388" y="-0.5000000000000002" z="0.8660254037844388"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Segment">
<input a0="F" a1="E"/>
<output a0="i"/>
</command>
<element type="segment" label="i">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="2.220446049250313e-16" y="0.9999999999999999" z="0.8660254037844386"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Segment">
<input a0="E" a1="C"/>
<output a0="j"/>
</command>
<element type="segment" label="j">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="-0.8660254037844388" y="0.5000000000000002" z="0.8660254037844388"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Segment">
<input a0="C" a1="G"/>
<output a0="k"/>
</command>
<element type="segment" label="k">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="-0.8660254037844386" y="-0.4999999999999999" z="0.8660254037844386"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Segment">
<input a0="G" a1="D"/>
<output a0="l"/>
</command>
<element type="segment" label="l">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="4"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="0"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="-2.220446049250313e-16" y="-0.9999999999999999" z="0.8660254037844386"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<command name="Segment">
<input a0="B" a1="F"/>
<output a0="m"/>
</command>
<element type="segment" label="m">
<show object="true" label="false"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="2"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<coords x="0.8660254037844386" y="0.4999999999999999" z="0.8660254037844386"/>
<lineStyle thickness="5" type="0" typeHidden="1" opacity="178"/>
<outlyingIntersections val="false"/>
<keepTypeOnTransform val="true"/>
</element>
<expression label="text1" exp=""同角三角函数基本关系\\\\
1.倒数关系:\\
①\sin\alpha·\csc\alpha=1\\
②\cos\alpha·\sec\alpha=1\\
③\tan\alpha·\cot\alpha=1\\\\
2.平方关系:\\
①\sin^2\alpha+\cos^2\alpha=1\\
②\tan^2\alpha+1=\sec^2\alpha\\
③1+\cot^2\alpha=\csc^2\alpha\\""/>
<element type="text" label="text1">
<show object="true" label="false" ev="40"/>
<objColor r="0" g="0" b="0" alpha="0"/>
<layer val="2"/>
<labelMode val="0"/>
<isLaTeX val="true"/>
<font serif="true" sizeM="1" size="0" style="0"/>
<startPoint x="1.6012815662201583" y="0.9843774710103439" z="1"/>
</element>
</construction>
</geogebra>